Copper is widely used as one of the techniques, either in a pure state and alloys. Copper has a tensile strength up to 150 N/mm2 in the form of molten copper and can be increased up to 390 N/mm2 through cold working process and to the type casting kekerasanya figure only reached 45 but can be upgraded to HB 90 HB through cold working, where the cold working process This will reduce the resilience, tenacity however can be improved through the process of annealing (see the process of heat treatment) can reduce the rate of violence as well as the voltage or the so-called process of “temperature” which can be achieved by controlling the distance workmanship after annealing.
Copper has a thermal and electrical properties conduktifitas second only to Silver. Copper is used as an electrical conductor widely used in a state of high purity levels of up to 99.9%. Another trait is the nature of copper corrosion resistance to atmospheric corrosion as well as numerous other media attacks. Copper is very easily connected through penyoderan process, Brazing and welding. Copper belongs to a class of heavy metal which has a specific gravity of 8.9 kg/m3 with a melting point of 1083 0 C.
Making copper
The basic element copper is obtained in the form of copper ore with low levels with an average of less than 4%. Splitting and pulverization process is done to separate the copper element of the grains and the binder through flotation to remove granules that are not useful. Granules containing copper elements in the kitchen dipanasakan heating to release the bond with rock elements and compounds with elemental iron sulphide. The element is then processed in the converter for the separation of iron and sulfur.
The process of refining fire
From the above process will be produced copper refining process to do fire (Fire-refining) in which copper is drawing this state of pure melted and made the process of oxidation to release a variety of other elements contained in the copper. Furthermore, by using a stick that was emphasized in the solution to move oxygen by burning and then poured into molds and produces copper in the form of bars.
Electrolytic refining
Electrolytic refining is the process of purification by way of electrolyte which will produce pure copper, copper is the process that is shaped copper bars that will serve as the anode purified hung in the hot liquid sulfuric acid and copper sulphate and connected through a pure copper plate as the cathode, thus the element copper This will mngendap the cathode and the other elements will settle on a puddle of solution elektrolite.
Levels of Copper
Copper levels of purity copper is related to the manufacturing process and use functions, which include:
Copper Cathode
Copper levels obtained from electrolisa process (electrolytic refining) is used as a raw material for the conductor of electrical current as well as copper alloys and casting materials.
High Conductivity Copper Electrolytic Tough
This is where the copper cathode copper melted and poured into molds to the shape that suits the needs of the job, or Pitch oxygen levels must be carefully controlled because it could result in an adverse effect on the properties of its purity.
Fire refined Tough Pitch Copper High Condictivity
Conduktifitas Copper is better than electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper, but lower levels of purity wherein a fraction of the other elements are not sapat eliminated through this process.
Ordinary Tough Pitch Copper
Copper of this type are not included in the specification conductif, which still contains oxygen and various other elements, but in general use is still satisfactory.
Oxigen-Free High Conductivity Copper (OFHC)
Copper is obtained from re-melting process of Cathode Copper is then poured as a way to avoid the absorption of oxygen. Copper sanghat of this type suitable for use as a flame welding materials, brazing, impact extrusion and others.
Arsenical Copper
Arsenic is used as an additional element in the copper where the addition of 0.5% above the element arsenic can increase the tensile strength of the copper and allow it to be used at temperatures up to 3000 0 C without a decrease in the voltage. Similarly, resistance to atmospheric corrosion attack but can increase conductivity Thermal and electrical conductivity decreases.