Before making a surface irrigation system, it is in the design stage should be made in advance the layout or the layout of surface irrigation systems.<\/span> Lay out or the layout of the irrigation system must indicate the following: (1) The location of the main building, (2) Trace irrigation and discharge, (3) The boundaries and the approximate area (in hectares) irrigation network with patches of primer , secondary and tertiary as well as areas that can not be irrigated, (4) buildings of major irrigation systems and exhaust complete with function and type, (5) Construction protection for flooding, and embankments, (6) road network with the buildings ,<\/span><\/p>\n

For the manufacture of layout typically using topographic maps with a scale of 1: 25,000 and 1: 5,000.<\/span> The scale of the map is enough to show the state of the location of the irrigation system so that it can be the proper interpretation of the key traits that location.<\/span> Contour lines should be shown in this map with intervals of 0.50 m to a flat area, and 1.00 m for areas with a slope of more than 2 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Topographic maps are the basis for check, add and enlarge the corresponding topographic detail, for example:<\/span>
\n \uf0b7 Rivers and natural waster network to identify the boundaries of the watershed, this aspect is not confined to the irrigated areas, but to the whole watershed, using a map with a smaller scale.<\/span>
\n \uf0b7 Identify the slope and land back in irrigated areas.<\/span>
\n \uf0b7 administrative boundaries of the village, sub-district, district and so will be very important for the delimitation tertiary, sub-district and district boundaries is important to determine the location of the project administrative and institutional arrangements later.<\/span><\/p>\n

a.<\/strong><\/span> Designing Irrigation Channels and Networks<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong> Designing irrigation channels and networks that will be discussed in this context are as follows:<\/span>
\n Bearer channel<\/strong><\/span>
\n In open channels, there are a variety of buildings that used to bring water from the upstream segment to the downstream segment.<\/span> These buildings can be divided into two groups according to the type of flow hidrolisnya namely:<\/span>
\n (i) buildings with subcritical flow, which are included in this group are are culverts, flume, gutter and Sipon.<\/span>
\n (ii) buildings with supercritical flow that is building measuring and regulating the discharge, the building plunge and got skewed.<\/span><\/p>\n

b.<\/strong><\/span> Building hydraulics Irrigation<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong> To save the cost of making the building a carrier, then the flow velocity in building carrier is made larger than the velocity of water flow in the upstream and downstream channels.<\/span> To avoid waves upright in the water and to prevent the flow does not become critical due to reduced roughness of the channel or the hydraulic gradient is steeper, the Froude number of the flow accelerated should not be more than 0.5.<\/span> With other terms:<\/span>
\n<\/a>
\n Where :<\/span>
\n Fr = Froude number<\/span>
\n va = average speed – flat in building (m \/ sec)<\/span>
\n g = acceleration due to gravity, m \/ dt2 (\u2248 9.8)<\/span>
\n A = area of \u200b\u200bflow (m2)<\/span>
\n B = width of the open water surface (m)<\/span><\/p>\n

Average flow velocity in the open carrier channel can be calculated by the equation Strickler \/ Manning.<\/span> Sipon homage to the pipeline full, wide water surface is equal to zero, so the Froude number can not be determined.<\/span> Permitted speed in the pipe caused by the economic optimization of construction materials, cost, quality construction and high loss of energy that exists.<\/span> For Sipon relatively short, usually velocities of less than 2 m \/ sec.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Before making a surface irrigation system, it is in the design stage should be made in advance the layout or the layout of surface irrigation systems. Lay out or the layout of the irrigation system must indicate the following: (1) The location of the main building, (2) Trace irrigation and discharge, (3) The boundaries and …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1865],"tags":[1064,1071,1066,1297,1294,1296,1068,1070,1065,1295],"class_list":["post-789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english","tag-surface-irrigation","tag-surface-irrigation-advantages","tag-surface-irrigation-advantages-and-disadvantages","tag-surface-irrigation-design","tag-surface-irrigation-efficiency","tag-surface-irrigation-images","tag-surface-irrigation-pdf","tag-surface-irrigation-ppt","tag-surface-irrigation-systems","tag-surface-irrigation-vs-sprinkler-irrigation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3412,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/789\/revisions\/3412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tneutron.net\/sipil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}