Converter is a steel tube with a wall-coated and resistant to high temperatures and placed in a holder that is shaped in such a way that its position can be changed vertically horizontally organized also with the position of the mouth are on or over even below. The positions required for charging, blowing and pouring carbon dioxide purification results.
This purification process is done by first melt the raw iron into a converter that is in the horizontal position then the currency changed its position in the vertical position and in this position pressurized air 140 KN / m 2 basis exhaled through the converter into the molten pig iron, and thus the element carbon be bound with oxygen into carbon dioxide (CO2) and other binding elements.
With the air pressure so that these elements will be carried out of the converter, the process is done within 20 minutes, this process has a crude steel alloying elements no more than 0.05% and 0.006% of them are considered as the elements of carbon and Pure iron or Ferrite (Fe), then added the element carbon into this converter with a certain amount according to the desired type of steel up to 2.06%, this coverter capacity of between 25 tons to 60 tons.
Basically, the various methods in the steel-making process is the process of purification is the element iron from various harmful elements, as has been stated earlier, therefore in the process of making steel by using this converter system is one of the purification process or separation of iron by using the vessel as a means of heating (melting) of the pig iron.
The process of making steel with Thomas and Bessemer system
Thomas and purification process Bessemer pig iron in steel making is the same principle of using the Converter, but using the Bessemer Converter with walls coated with Flourite and quartz so that the wall becomes very hard Converter powerful and resistant to high temperature, but the walls of the converter will be acidic so it can not reduce Posphor elements, therefore Bessemer kitchen only suitable for use in the process of refining pig iron from iron ore is low Posphor (Low-Posphorus Iron Ores).
While Thomas perfected by providing a layer of limestone (limestone) or dolomite converter so that the wall becomes alkaline and can reduce excess Posphor elements along with removing the slag. Linz-Donawitz (LD-Processes), a process of purification of the iron with the currency system was first developed in austria, the process by blowing compressed air up to 12 bar at the top convertor with vertical position, after the raw iron (pig iron) along with the included sekrap then burned, combustion air exhaled by the elements carbon, sulfur and posphor contained in the raw iron, this occurs when the converter in a tilted position.
The combustion process is seen in flames converter section. Steel with a carbon content of 0.2% will be achieved by burning up to 20 minutes, but if desired carbon content higher than 0.2%, the airflow can be stopped so that the combustion process will be stalled. composition of the elements contained in this iron can be analyzed by taking the example of the molten iron before freezing occurs and if the desired composition has been achieved then the iron can be removed from the currency and let the slag (slag) left behind in the currency to be issued through the slag hole.
Of iron purification process using this method will produce a steel that has good mechanical properties for processing into steel alloys (Alloy Steel) as well as carbon steel (non-alloy) because of the level of purity and free of nitrogen (N) or nitrogen adverse .
This material is also very well be used as a steel sheet (Sheet metals) are widely used as raw material for vehicle body, as well as steel-steel tank construction. Steel mills Austria “Voest” (Vereignite Osterreischische Und Eisen Stahlwerke Aktiengesselschaft) produces steel in the world in 1974.
Rotor Processes, Converter with horizontal position (H) is the currency in which there are two oxygen pipes, each pipe is one of them directed at the base of the molten iron in the converter and it will burn with melting pig iron (pig Iron) with steel wreckage, process This combustion will produce carbon monoxide gas (CO) which will also be burned to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) to flatten the purification process.
During the combustion process is the currency spinning at a rate of 0.5 to 2 put / mt. Undara then blown through a pipe that is on the surface of molten metal, thus the elements contained in the iron will pushed out along with CO2 gas. Kaldo processes, using the same way as is done on the rotor system processes but in this Kaldo converter positioned tilted 170, the converter process is also rotated with the rotation speed of up to 30 put / ment.
With this round is very good because it can accelerate the transformation of heat flow, but only use a blower pipe where pig iron with scrap metal is melted in this converter and then blown with oxygen through the pipe. This converter can purify iron with a decrease in phosphorus levels up to 2%.