Stoneware and Porcelain Composition
Most of the prepared clay is usually made for commercial purposes and some kind of clay like; feldspar, kaolin, quartz, fireclay, and ballclay made in certain formulas. Colors include fuel Stoneware gray, beige, brown, dark brown, and orange.
Stoneware clay usually contains elements of iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn) and is the difference between porcelain stoneware with porcelain because it does not contain the element iron that gives a characteristic white porcelain. Natural iron content in the soil such as iron, ilminite, or manganese glaze surface will change that when burned produces effects spots brownish iron.
Excess stoneware:
a. Plasticity that has the breadth of use b. Strong but not menggelas
c. Low shrinkage
d. Has natural color ground
e. Having the iron spots
f. Having the nature of the prevention of bloating (inflate) g. Solid and watertight
h. Have properties resistant to temperature shock
i. Has fused with the glaze properties
Most bodies are made of ceramic stoneware and the amount of material or materials chosen for a specific purpose, such as:
a. To increase the plasticity, can be used up to 40% ballclay or red clay to 20%.
b. To increase the melting flux nonplastis generally used as much as 5% talc or chalk (whiting) 10%. Could be used to increase the hardness of kaolin, warsa approximately 15% -20%, sand or grog ideally using crushed biscuits Kdan goods or using brick bubukan fireproof.
c. To produce a color clay can be added to the red clay, Ocher about 5% -10% or 5% metal oxide -10%
d. To form a texture, can use the grog, sand, or crushed fireclay (refractory bricks) to as much as 25%.
Porcelain Ceramic Body
Porcelain is a ceramic body made from clay and other fine materials are colored white. The agency after the combustion process will be that will produce white stuff is dense, hard, impermeable (porosity is very small), such as glass and transculent (half transparent / translucent shadows) dengaan thickness of 3 mm.
In general, porcelain combustion temperatures range between 12500C-14600C. The main ingredient is kaolin porcelain, the word “kaolin” is derived and the Chinese word “Kao” (high) and “Ling” (hill), so kaolin is a high hill where the clay was first discovered.
Ceramic products are usually made from a mixture of materials such as kaolin, quartz, ballclay, and feldspar but with sometimes-k materials ballclay adang result becomes less white porcelain, can be used instead of bentonite.
To make the formula a good porcelain ceramic body requires time, patience and a willingness (great effort) to experiment and do research. Clay used for manufacturing ceramic objects exist that can directly be used so as not to cause a problem, but sometimes the clay must be fixed in such a way that qualifies to be used.
