In the electronic control system, the controller used is a unit consisting of electronic components. Here is a series of electronic unit that is integrated from many electronics components, namely resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, op-amp, IC and many other electronic components. The electronics unit, could be a series of simple or complex circuits.
One of the electronic components that can be used as a controller is a potentiometer. With this component, it can process the signal voltage, which is as debilitating, can not be used to amplify a signal, of course, must be used the active component, for example, is the op-amp. When we get the difference from the reference value and of the plant output (signal fault / error) and it turns out the type of controller that is required is signal attenuation, then the potentiometer we had been able to employ to make this controller. The controller is called a proportional controller.
More sophisticated, electronic components are used as controllers that use a microprocessor. Here already used digital technology. In recent years, digital technology is growing rapidly. Either without using a program or the program requires. Micro-processor is an electronic component that requires the program to work. With the program, it can be used for various applications based on the logic of thinking of a programmer and designer of the application.
In the automotive world, there is an electronic unit which uses a microprocessor, serves to regulate the amount of fuel and set the ignition timing of ignition. This unit is referred to as ECU (Electonic Control Unit). There are many other functions in the vehicle ECU. There were be adopted for EPS (Electronic Power Steering), ABS (Antilock Brake System), Airbag System, AC (Air Conditioning), Automatic Transmission, and many other control systems in vehicles.
Topology Electronic Control System
In the electronic control system, there are some components that are used, the sensor, signal conditioning, microprocessors and microcontrollers, memory, drivers and actuators.
Figure 2.20 Electronic Control Unit (ECU)