Mechanical control system is a control system that uses mechanical materials as the controller. The underlying principle of labor law mechanically controller is Newton’s second law, namely F = mxa, wherein:
F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
a = acceleration (m / s2)
Examples of the mechanical system is a system of mechanical translation and rotation system mechanics. Review the dashpot mass spring system mounted on the carriage as shown in Figure 2.15. Dashpot is a tool that gives friction clay or attenuation. It consists of a piston and a cylinder containing the oil. Any relative movement between the piston and cylinder iron detained by oil, because oil
Figure 2.15 System masses spring dashpot
mounted on the train must flow around the piston (or through small holes in the piston yangterdapat) from one side to the other side of the piston. Basically dashpot absorbs energy. The absorbed energy is released as heat and dashpot not store the kinetic energy or voltage. Also called the dashpot damper (damper).
Figure 2.16 Rotation System Mechanics
which is demonstrated in Figure 2.16.Sistem consists of load inertia and friction dampers clay. For a rotation system mechanics so, then Newton’s second law states
T = Jα
Where T = torque applied to the system (Nm)
J = Moment of Inertia of the load (kgm2)
α = angular acceleration of the load (rad / s2)
Examples in the vehicle is the fuel flow control system that uses a carburetor and injection system K. In this section carburetor work process does not need to be discussed. Students are considered to have a grasp of how the principle works. Drainage control system that uses fuel injection K can be explained as follows. Together with the principles in the carburetor, the injection system K on gasoline-fueled vehicles, the fuel is atomized continuously.
The difference is that the components used. In the injection system K, to inject fuel in order to form mist, use injector (mechanical components). Here injector to spray continuously. More or less fuel is sprayed, based on information obtained from the pressure of the incoming air. The greater the pressure of the air entering, indicating that the air mass sucked in the combustion chamber is certainly a lot.
In order to have an ideal ratio of air mass and the mass of fuel into the combustion chamber, then of course the mechanical controller of K-Jetronik system can adjust how much fuel is sprayed through the injector.
With an ideal ratio between the mass of air and fuel by 2.7: 1 will obtain complete combustion. This is a problem in all of the fuel flow control systems, both carburetor system, KJetronik and fuel flow control system electronically. there Figure 2.17, dipelihatkan fuel jetting system K- Jetronik.
Figure 2.17 Fuel material Jetting System K-Jetroni
When the gas pedal by the driver, then the gas valve D will be more open. Instead jikapedal little gas penginjakannya by the driver, the gas valve a little too open. With the larger openings throtlle the incoming air will be greater. Air enters through the air filter A, with the direction of air flow in the direction anakpanah. After going through a air filter, air flow pressing platter / plate sensor B.
Because there is this pressure, the sensor plate will be lifted up which eventually led to the plunger control of fuel also rose to the top. The greater the pressure of the incoming air, the more elevated well that eventually the plunger plate sensor controllers are also getting up that will lead to more fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber. This can be observed in Figure 2.18.
When air pressure is small (seemed to mark the little arrows in Figure 2.17 (b)), then the controller plunger lifted slightly. So that the flow of fuel (gasoline) leading to the injector is inhibited and the rest returned to the channel toward the gas tank.
Figure 2.18 Controller System Mechanic on K-Jetronik
Gasoline from the gas tank has a large pressure generated by the pump in the gas tank. Because it has such tremendous pressure, the fuel to the injector was spraying up mengabut. Just because little is forwarded to the injector before, then certainly pengkabutan gasoline was a little too leading to the combustion chamber. This is different from the situation as seen in Figure 2.18 (b).
With the greater the pressure of the air entering (the arrow that looks a lot), the plate / plate sensors will be lifted up. This resulted in more control plunger lift anyway. Because of this, the fuel is in the channel leading to the injector more than the conditions at 2:18 image (b). So that the fuel is atomized by the injector because of the large fuel pressure in the channel increasingly exploited by machine.
Besides influenced by air pressure, there are other factors that affect a large removal of the plunger controller. This bias is explained by looking at Fig 9:19. It appears that in addition to the air pressure (Pu) there are also other factors that affect how big plunger lift control. The factors are the weight of the plate or plate sensor (PG) and the heavy weight of ballast (G). In order to achieve equilibrium then Pu + G = Pg + Pk.
This is where the mathematical model controller. So from here bias obtained the magnitude of the output controller (plunger controller), which is Pk = (Pu + G) – Pg. There are two conditions that can be described here, namely:
(on the condition of the gas pedal)
When the gas valve is shut Where Pu + G <PG + Pk, then the plate / plate sensor is closing the inlet.
When the gas valve is opened Pu + G> PG + Pk, then the sensor plate over the inlet opening.
Another factor affecting the flow of air is a form konisitasnya (B in Figure 9:17). With such a shape that multiply so konisitas, the air flow can be blocked or flowing smoothly. Konisitas a channel shape. So from the above explanation can be kitasimpulkansebagai follows:
The amount of air that flows depends on the height of appointment plate / plate sensor and konisitasnya form. In accordance with the gas pedal stepped by a driver.
The amount of fuel injected depends on the amount of air flowing. Semain of the air flow, the greater the fuel is injected. Conversely the smaller the air flowing then the less material injected immortal.
With the appropriate calculations, it will get the air-fuel ratio of 14.7: 1 in every condition of opening the gas valve. And this is expected to fuel flow control system K-Jetronik.