Car steering
As a simple example of an open control system, may be seen in Figure 2.11, which controls the steering wheel. Direction of the two front wheels can be considered a controlled variable or the output (y) direction of the steering wheel is driving or input signal (u). Car steering control system is still using mechanical systems, because the mechanical elements that make up this control system.
The control system, or process on this issue, consisting of the steering mechanism and dynamics of the whole car.
However, if the goal is to control the speed of the car, then the amount of pressure exerted on the gas pedal is the driving signal, and the vehicle speed is controlled variables. Overall, we can state that the car simple control system is one unit with two inputs (steering and gas pedal) and two outputs one purpose and speed.
In this case, two pengendaliandan two outputs independently of one another, but in general, there is a system of interconnected control. Systems with more than one input dankeluaran called the system a lot of variables. Idle car open loop In addition to describing the steering control system, in Figure 2.11 also illustrates the idle speed control system of an automobile engine.
Car idle speed control systems can be designed using two types of control, ie with open loop or closed loop. In the open loop, it is not difficult to see that the designated system will not meet the demand performance is critical. For example, if the angle of the valve:
determined at a certain initial value, which is associated with a certain speed, when a load torque TL is given, can not avoid a decrease in engine speed. The only way to make the system can still work is to adjust
as a reaction to changes in load torque that is useful to maintain engine speed
the desired value. Elements of the open control system is usually divided into two parts: the controller and the controlled process, as shown in Figure 2.12.
An input signal or command r is given to the controller, which acts as the output driving signal u. The drive signals then control the plant are controlled so controlled variable y to be produced in accordance with the requirements specified.
Figure 2.13 System with Closed Loop Idle Speed
In the simplest case, the controller can be a booster amplifier), a set of mechanical devices or other controllers depending on the type of system. In more sophisticated cases, the controller can be a computer such as a microprocessor.
Figure 2.14 Response System Idle Speed Control Loop Open and Closed
Because of the simplicity and economical nature of the open-loop control system, this system model are found in applications that do not require great accuracy. The purpose of this system is to eliminate or minimize the decrease in speed when the engine load is used