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Electrical Grounding Function

Electrical relating to the nature of the flow of electric current / electrons. Naturally, the nature of the flow of electric current in a conductor or conductors of electricity such as the flow of water coming from upstream (the mountains) to downstream (the ocean). Water that is at higher altitudes always will flow to a lower place. Water will always flow into the sea. Likewise, the electric current always flows toward a place that has a lower voltage potential.

Electric current will always flow into the ground (ground), because the soil has the lowest voltage potential. So when we stand on the ground and touching or holding the electrically active, then our body is an electrical conductor that allows electrical current to flow through the body from the hands to the feet, and finally to the ground. Earthing or grounding is one part of the electrical installation, which connects the machine frame or electrical appliances to the ground through a conductor cable leading to the grounding electrode.

Under conditions of a simple, earth electrode can be galvanized pipe with a length of one to two meters is embedded into the ground. This way to obtain the resistance value of the machine to the ground becomes very low, typically less than ten ohms. This grounding system, aiming to protect personnel working on a machine or electrical equipment from the dangers of electric shock.

As it is known, that the resistance value of the human body can reach hundreds of thousands of ohms. So that when someone holds the engine-voltage, it will be protected from electric shock. Because the electric current flows through a conductor which has a lower resistance. When the grounding resistance is large, then the personnel will still experience an electric shock. Figure 1:19 and Figure 1:20 shows the two phenomena are contrary to the consequences caused by the engine with a penta-restrain and machine without grounding.

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Pictures 1:19 With Grounding, Operator Free from electric shock

For safety reasons, parts of the bodywork or other electrical equipment must be fitted with a grounding cable. When the machine is impaired insulation damage resulting electrical connection to the bodywork then an operator or other personnel who happened to touch the machine will not suffer electric shock. Conversely if the machine without grounding would be harmful to the operator.

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Pictures 1:20 Without Grounding, Operator Exposure Shock Electric Current