Characteristics of concrete dam
– Durable and virtually maintenance-free. Requires good geological conditions at the site of the dam.
– Implementation requires high accuracy.
The properties of concrete
– Easy to work
– Concrete durable
– Meet the press the desired solid
– small seepage Power
– small concrete Penyusutsn
– Coefficient of temperature changes little
– homogeneous density concrete
– small concrete volume changes
Building materials of concrete consists of cement (PC), fine and coarse aggregates and water must meet certain requirements:
– Additional materials (Admixture) consisting of:
– Materials to speed when tied (setting time).
– Materials to slow when tied (retarding admixture).
– Materials to reduce the amount of concrete mix (Plasticisier, Normal water reducing admixture, workability aids).
Materials used to reduce the amount of water used to mix concrete at a time to slow down when tied (retarding water reducing admixture). Materials for menimbukan foam concrete (air entraining agent).
concrete connection
Beron connection is necessary because of the limitation of the volume each time casting Beron and limited equipment and time.
Type-jens connections:
Tekal connection straight to the dam axis (transverse joint, joint contraction).
– Connection extends towards the dam (longitudina joint).
– Connection for implementation (construction joint).
– Connection lock (key way joint)
Water-retaining material (waterstop)
With the connection to the dam is no risk of seepage through the connection. So the connection must be reinforced with water-retaining material.
Hole (hall) consists of:
– Lorong cementation: to do good cementation during construction and in the operation phase of repair.
– Lorong Drainage: to install a pressure relief wells to reduce water pressure upwards.
– Lorong examination: for inspecting and installing instrumentation dam.
– The forces acting on the dam
Vertical Style: Heavy weight of the door itself dams including water and other installations. Heavy water in upstream dams form when tilted partially or entirely. Heavy mud upstream dam-sloping when partially or completely.
– Style press upwards (uplift pressure)
Horizontal force:
– which is the hydrostatic force of water which suppresses existing dam or no wind.
– hydrodynamic force which is water that presses the dam if there is an earthquake
– Style press mud
– Style quake.
The state of charge (force) that should be taken into account in the planning:
– The situation at the end of the construction period.
– kondis empty reservoirs and earthquakes that will push the dam upstream.
– normal state after the operation.
Cargo style that counts is:
– Weight alone.
– The weight of water in upstream dams
– Style press upward.
– Style hidrostatiska.
– exceptional circumstances after the reservoir operation
Cargo style that counts:
– Weight alone.
– Heavy water upstream.
– Heavy mud upstream.
– Style press upward.
– hydrostatic force.
– Style hydrodynamic
– horizontal force due to pressure mud.
– horizontal force caused by the earthquake.
Terms stability must be met:
– No experience overthrow (overturning).
– Not mengalam shift (slidimg).
– Voltage ground on the foundation are not exceeded.
– Water seepage arising manageable.