Electrons around the nucleus at a very high speed ( 2200 km / sec.). In the circular movement, although not much heavy electrons, so here should serve a relatively large centrifugal force, working and trying to release electrons out of its path. Now the force is holding electrons circling the nucleus remains in its path? Workers who hold the earth remains on the trajectory is gravity.
Gravity between electrons and atomic nuclei have not been sufficient, as is evident in the calculations, and can not hold electrons farthest to remain on its trajectory. Therefore here should serve some other power, namely electricity.
Between the nucleus and the electrons are electric power.
This kind of power is simple to prove. We rub ruler mica (synthetic material / plastic) with a woolen cloth, so in this material to work a tensile force to the paper, which in principle is greater than the force of gravity.
Who is responsible for the electricity we call electric charge.
Against the atomic nuclei, electrons are running an electric power. So electrons have electric charge. We say an electron as a charge carrier. Because the nucleus also has the properties of electricity running, then the atomic nucleus also has an electric charge. It is evident that the electrons are not mutual attraction, but repelling. Similarly, the behavior of atomic nuclei (Figure 1.6).
Figure 1.6 Dynamic Effects between:
a) nuclei and electrons
b) the electrons
c) nuclei
Therefore, the electrons repel each other, atomic nuclei and electrons of mutual attraction, the nuclei must be different from the electron charge, meaning bring a different kind of charge to the charge of an electron. Atomic nuclear charge is called a positive charge and the charge of an electron is called negative charge. Thereby to apply electrical charges:
The same charges repel each other, the different charges of mutual attraction.
Figure 1.7 The effect of dynamic electric charges