Electrical Conductor
The electrons that are on the skin / (shell), stuck in the orbital trajectories due to a tensile force to the core containing protons (positive charge carrier) in an amount equal to the number of electrons. Due to similar charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each type will, electrons that will be attracted to the negatively charged protons are positively charged.
The same principle can be observed on the nature of the attraction between the two permanent magnets, two north poles of the magnets will repel each other, while a north pole and a south pole will attract each other. In the same way, charges are different types of negative electrons and positive protons will undergo gravitational pull.
Figure 1.8 Atom arrangement Copper
The electrons in the outer shell of a conductor can easily move to adjacent atoms in the arrangement of the atoms that make up the substance of the conductor. This enables these substances to conduct electricity, Example: metals such as copper, silver, iron and aluminum.
Materials that have a lot of free electrons as charge carriers move freely named conductor.
conductive electrons
Included in that is a metal such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, iron and charcoal. Metal atoms to form something called a metal structure. Wherein each metal atom gives all valence electrons (the electrons at the outermost track) as well as positive atomic ions.
Figure 1.9 The grille of a metal chamber with the electron cloud
Ions occupy the space with a certain distance and the same with each other and form something called a lattice space or geometric pattern of the atoms (Figure 1.9). Electrons moving like a cloud or gas between the ions are silent and therefore move relatively mild in the lattice space. The electrons are known as free electrons. Practical negatively charged electron cloud including therein ions are positively charged atoms.
Figure 1.10 The structure of free electrons in the atomic arrangement of conductors
A piece of copper with a side length of 1 cm has approximately 1023 (ie one with 23 zeros) of free electrons. Through the electrical pressure in a certain direction, which is in electrical engineering known as a voltage, the free electrons in a conductor led through the lattice (Fig. 1.10). Thus the conductive electrons negatipnya transferring cargo in a certain direction. Commonly referred to as an electric current.
Figure 1.11 the flow of electrons in atoms conductor
Can be concluded that :
Electric current (flow of electrons) in a conductive metal is a movement of free electrons in a conductor material in a certain direction. Movement of cargo does not result in changes in the characteristics of the material.
Figure 1.8 Mechanism of conductive metal
Speed depends on the flow of current density (see section 3.6). Conductive metal with a normal load, the speed of electrons is only 3 mm / sec, but the movement of the electrons propagate collision impulse approaching the speed of light c = 300,000 km / sec. Therefore distinguish here between impulse speed and velocity of the electron.
