The op-amp ideally has an infinite open-loop gain (AOL). In practice, however, op-amps such as LM741 have a finite amplification of approximately 100,000 times. Actually with this bigger gain, the op-amp gain system becomes unstable. Very small differential inputs can already make the outputs a manifestation. In the next chapter will discuss how feedback can make the op-amp’s reinforcement system ...
Read More »Jenis-Jenis Saklar
Saklar atau switch adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dan pemutus arus listrik. Dalam rangkaian elektronika dan rangkaian listrik saklar berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dan memutuskan arus listrik yang mengalir dari sumber tegangan menuju beban (output) atau dari sebuah sistem ke sistem lainnya. Berikut ini adalah bebarapa jenis-jenis saklar berdasarkan konstruksi masing-masing saklar. Atas, dari kiri ke kanan: Circuit Breaker, ...
Read More »Comparator Circuit
The comparator is a circuit that can compare the input voltage. The comparator usually uses Op-Amp as the primary device in the circuit. Vref is connected to + V supply, then R1 and R2 are used as voltage dividers, so the voltage value referenced to the + op-amp input is: V = [R1 / R1 + R2)] Vsupply The op-amp ...
Read More »Wattmeter Design
Wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the active power. Available in two forms namely analog and digital. Active power is obtained by multiplying the apparent power (S) is the multiplication of voltage (V) and current (I) and power factor (Cos α). Therefore wattmeter has two coils, namely the coil turn to detect the voltage value and the static coil to ...
Read More »Applying Flow and Electric Potential
Energy is the ability to conduct business (work) or make a change. Energy source is anything that produces energy, which is classified into renewable energy sources and renewable energy sources. Energy has a variety of forms such as potential energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and others. In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, energy can not ...
Read More »Direct and Indirect Measurement
In practice, the measurement of electrical quantities for commercial purposes, for example to measure consumption of electrical energy that has been used by the consumer (kWh-meter or kVAr-meter) can be done in two ways, namely direct measurement and indirect measurement. Measurement is directly applied to the installation of small-scale low-voltage electricity. In this case the measuring devices used directly connected ...
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