Cast iron (cast Iron) can be defined as an alloy of iron with more than 1.7% carbon, the carbon content is usually in the range between 2.4 to 4%, a relatively expensive material, where the material was produced from molten pig iron , or iron / steel of old, this is a product that has a cast iron mechanical function is very important and is produced in large quantities.
The process is often done by adding an element of graphite into the ladle as the controller. Cast-iron alloy (alloy iron castings) material has been done smoothing (refined) and integration of raw iron (pig iron). products such as crankshaf, conecting rod and an element from the previous engine parts made of forged steel (stainless forgings), now more and more use of high-duty iron alloy casting.
Casting objects can form part of a complicated shape compared with other forms of matter wrought results (wrought) despite the machining process is required, but can be minimized by providing excess smallest possible size of the desired shape (smaller allowance), because it is the product of pouring olleh relatively less compared to Y with wrought products.
The production process of pouring
The process of production of objects casting is done by first merging the raw iron (pig Iron) in the furnace, where the molten material coupled with old scrap iron or steel before casted. For the melting process is carried out by various methods use the kitchen, among other things:
Cupola kitchen, the kitchen is one of the most heated kitchen or almost 90% is used in performing the functions smelting foundry (casting). Other methods are also often used, especially for the needs of cast iron products with special qualities.
Note:
When filling should not be adjacent to the fuel or touched.
In principle, there are 3 types of furnace that can be used, namely:
a) air kitchen, or a kitchen fire (reverberatory furnaces)
b) The kitchen swivel (Rotary Furnance)
c) electric kitchen (Electric Furnance)
Kitchen Cupola
The kitchen is a cupola furnace which has the same working principle and construction with high kitchen, but in a smaller scale. The difference cupola kitchen use is not continuous (continuously) as the kitchen is high but can be used at any time if required casting.
To operate the kitchen cupola coke as fuel is pressed into the kitchen, as well as the replacement layer fractions of crude iron and steel coke also junk and scrap metal inserted into it and the amount of limestone (limestone) as the flux of smoke coke. Besides coke as fuel in the cupola is also used kitchen oil or gas.
Air kitchen or a kitchen fire
In the kitchen grill fuel is burned at the end of the kitchen so that the combustion section is not related to charging, and the heat generated from the combustion flow through the kitchen roof above the charging section. This is a furnace with a slow process though less economical than the cupola kitchen. kitchen fire is enclosed kitchen that allows all the compositions are not out of the kitchen (Figure 3.3)
Kitchen swivel
Kitchen swivel (rotary furnace) is used as the furnace producing cast iron with special qualities, heating bursts obtained from liquid fuel, oil or gas into the melt tube is always rotating or moving the drive chain or drive friction, circular motion allows the process smelting become more prevalent. (Figure 3.4)
Electric kitchen
Basically this furnace is producing heat furnace with an operating temperature above the melting point of the material to be processed, so with this electric kitchen. Different from the electric furnace with other kitchens is the system where the heat in the heat of formation of the electric furnace is obtained from the electric energy that flowed through the electrode or arc as a conductor.
With metal as a raw material product which is also a conductor of electric current, the electrical conductivity can be done in 2 ways ie direct or so-called “arc direct” and indirect or so-called “indirect arc”.