There are two theories that can be used to explain the occurrence of klimaterik namely, the theory of physical change and chemical change theory.
A. Theory of Physical changes
Because so many pieces that make the process klimaterik, especially to explain the cause of klimaterik because of physical changes, such as apples, bananas and advocate. In the process that occurs in the fruit klimaterik expected because of the changes in the permeability of the cell. Such changes would cause the enzymes and substrates previously in normal circumstances would join and react to each other so klimaterik occur.
B. Changes Chemistry
Chemical change is expected to cause klimaterik, because during the ripening process activities that take place in the cells of fruit increased so require energy derived from ATP Due to the need ATP increases the mitochondria as a producer of ATP is also constantly increasing production activity and respiration will increase which ultimately led klimaterik events. Therefore, breathing can be used as a way to control klimaterik. Klimaterik occurs when the fruit ripe and when the fruit was ripe then klimaterik will not happen.
Estimated to be only experienced one klimaterik during the ripening process.
– wilting
Kelayuan (senescence) is a normal phase that always happens in the life cycle of plants. Can occur at any time in the particular stages in the life cycle. The symptoms of wilting in plants characterized by a process of abscission in leaves, fruit and flower parts. Fruit ripening, causing a reduction in resistance to disease. These symptoms are the result of changes that occurred because of the symptoms of aging. Death on the leaves are usually characterized by yellowing of the leaves (pieces) followed by the formation of brown spots on the parts.
Changes in Cells
Many of the changes that occur in cells as a result of the process of wilting, as well as in every stage klimaterik changes that occur in cells was different. At this stage of the cell praklimaterik generally still good arrangement, at the stage of chloroplasts klimaterik broken into smaller parts, endoplasmic retikula become damaged and the cytoplasm looks full of impurities such fractional results, but still tetaputuh mitochondria.
Occurred defects in mitochondria in later stages led to the assumption that the supply of energy to be obtained from mitochondrial metabolism. Other changes that can be used as a sign of wilting is the loss of chlorophyll from plants. This can be seen from the green leaf color change to yellow. Besides the decline in protein content can also cause wilting process.
But keep in mind that during the ripening process (before the wilting process occurs) shows the amount of protein of interest. At the fall of the leaf chlorophyll content and protein are generally the same. Respiration and photosynthesis activity generally declined. This is due to the mitochondrial damage can be determined by calculating the ratio between the production of phosphate with O2 consumption which takes place in the mitochondria.
Besides these changes also occurred changes in the permeability of the cell membrane. This is because cell tissue to weaken so that the nature of the principle of changing permeability peritiwa kelayuan one of them caused by the influence of enzyme / protein where if there is something that inhibits a protein it will accelerate the process of wilting. In contrast to the kinetin because it can accelerate the formation of RNA and protein, it may hamper the process of wilting, and tiourasil accelerate the occurrence of wilting.
– Hormones In The Process wilting
Some plant hormones that are active in the process of wilting is auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinins and ethylene. Auxin lots role in the synthesis of ethylene, where the higher the number of auxin synthesis of ethylene was higher. Directly auxin not cause wilting, but inhibit the occurrence of the process, so that the loss of auxin can cause wilting. This can be evidenced in the event of the collapse of the fruit of the tree is one of the symptoms of wilting process.
By spraying a synthetic auxin, the threshing fruit can be inhibited. Hormones giberellin work specifically in plants, which can inhibit the occurrence of maturation, which means it can inhibit the occurrence of wilting. But not all plants can give a good response to these hormones, such as bananas and tomatoes can be affected by giberellin while the apple does not. Abscisic acid (abscissic acid) is a hormone that stimulates the process of abscission is if the plants sprayed with the acid.
Many plants are sensitive to these hormones. The higher the concentration of cytokines were synthesized, the more chlorophyll left in cabbage leaves. Cabbage leaves will stay fresh and the yellowing of the leaves can be inhibited. Generally flowering in plants can accelerate the kelayuan, for example, the tomato plants after flowering growth becomes slower and eventually die.
At cabbage after flowering will die but if the flowers are cut, growth will continue until the flowers out again. This is due to the mobilization of food for growing seeds. In this condition, most of the amino acids used in the formation of seeds. Perhaps with the mobilization of amino acids can cause wilting process.