Acid derivatives isosianurik
Acid dikloroisosianurik and trikloroisosianurik have this level of chlorine-free very high, but because of low solubility of the acid in the water, the salts Na its more commonly used for disinfection, it is available in powder form and had higher levels of chlorine-free rather low (eg Na dikloroisosianurat, 60%). These compounds as well as khloramin, relatively expensive, unstable when stored under dry conditions, non-irritating and release chlorine slowly, unlike chlorine, these compounds retain activity over a wide pH range (6-10). This compound is also used in the manufacture of alkaline detergent sterilizer.
Diklorodimetilhidantoin
When pure, this compound is rather insoluble in water so that technical powder with a purity of approximately 25% was used which gave approximately 16% available chlorine. Diklorodimetilhidantoin has properties similar to chlorine-releasing compounds are organic but these compounds have the greatest activity in acidic conditions.
Quaternary ammonium compounds
All of these compounds have detergent properties as well, colorless, relatively non-corrosive to metals, non-toxic but taste bitter. Power works against gram-negative bacteria is not as good as chlorine, chlorine compounds and throughout the life of iodosphor. This solution tends to adhere to the surface. Therefore, required thorough rinsing after disinfection with these agents should be used at a concentration of 200-1200 mg / l. A higher concentration needed when the water used high berkesadahan. These compounds can not be combined with anionic soap or detergent.
These compounds are known as “quaternaries”, “quats” or “QACs”, are salts of ammonium with some or all of the atoms H in ion (NH4) + substituted with an alkyl or aryl group, the anion generally chloride or bromide. Where: R1, R2, R3, R4 represents one or more alkyl or aryl substituting H and X represents a halide either Cl or Br. Cations which is the main part is the active part of the molecule, while the anion is only important because it can affect the solubility of the QAC. QAC disinfectant that is widely used is:
(a) Cetil trimethyl ammonium bromide
(b) Lavrildimetilbencil ammonium bromide
For maximum activity alkyl chain should contain between 8-18 C atoms. Quaternary ammonium compounds are bakterida highly active against gram-positive bacteria, but less effective against gram-negative bacteria except when added sequestran; although relatively resistant bacterial spore formation can be prevented. After disinfection of surfaces treated with QACs maintain bakteriostalik layer caused by adsorption of the disinfectant on the surface; This thin layer prevents the growth of bacteria that are still lagging behind.
If necessary flushing can be improved by adding a small amount urfaktan monionik in disinfectant. These compounds retain aktivfitasnya the pH range is wide enough, although these compounds are most active in slightly alkaline conditions and activity will drop rapidly below pH 5. Compared with hypochlorite, QACs are more expensive but these compounds have many properties desirable.
QACs thus not affected by the presence of organic impurities, monokorosif, although some types of rubber can be influenced and do not irritate the skin, except at high temperatures, so it can be handled safely. QACs compound is more commonly used for floors, walls, varnish and other supplies. These compounds are easy to penetrate, making it very useful for porous surfaces.
Most QACs are cationic detergents, which is a detergent that bad but very good germisidanya power. In these compounds, the group is the organic radical cation while chlorine is usually the anion. Germisidalnya power mechanism not completely understood but is associated with inhibition of enzymes and fillers leakage cells.