Baskets to load the crops put in refrigerated trucks by using the pattern arrangement turned row so there is more room between for air circulation. (Ashby, BH et al. 1987 in Kitinoja 2002). Yields were transported in cardboard boxes should be stacked and arranged with a particular technique so that it can provide for adequate air circulation throughout the cargo. Floor trucks, should be put pallets or other means of support to keep the cartons to avoid direct contact with the floor.
Transporting fruits developed countries usually have noticed the cooling chain, so as to allow inter-city / county or export purposes have generally been used refrigerated truck or trailer. Refrigerated truck has a payload capacity of the smaller of the form box trailer insulated and equipped with cooling. Insulated refrigerated box trailer form has wheels at the rear and coupled with penggandengnya vehicle.
Fruits are transported by refrigerated truck has a longer shelf life than the fruit of the carriage without refrigeration (Anonymous, 2011). Transportation of fruit can also be done by trucks that are not equipped with a cooler with some requirement of which is the circulation of air between the pile of packing crates. This is necessary because during the long journey, there may be an increase in the bath temperature from the heat emitted by the fruit coupled with heat from the outside environment (the bottom and side of the vehicle).
To reduce the increase in temperature that occur inside the tailgate carrier covered with tarpaulins, loading the fruit and cover with a tarpaulin should be possible flow of air from the front to the back that is useful to remove the heat (Anonymous, 2011). The design of the truck without refrigeration equipped with ‘wind catchers’ and airways are composed of wooden crates allow for a flow of air from the front to the rear so as to avoid an increase in temperature, then packing fruit arranged in order to create the air flow.
Figure 37. The design of the truck by ‘wind catchers’ on the front and the composition of wooden crates to be airflow.
Kitinoja (2002) when the charge in cardboard boxes of various sizes are loaded simultaneously, the greatest cargo box and the weight should be placed at the bottom. Besides, it also must be given hole parallel channels between the boxes so that air can circulate past the charge.
Figure 38. Stacks of goods of various sizes
The use of large-sized boxes for packing the cut flowers must consider process loads too. Loading process should be stacked by hand (manual) to the transport vehicle. Charging pattern is best for cut flowers known as ‘pigeon hole pattern’, where boxes stacked one layer not given distance, while the coating thereon are spaced from each other. On both sides of the cargo, is left open so that air can pass through this channel.
This pattern provides channels for air circulation lengthwise payload and provides the opportunity for each box in direct contact with the air conditioner.
