Siphon is building to bring water to pass under another channel, usually the discharge channel or path. At Sipon water flow due to the pressure. Sipon hydraulic planning must consider the flow velocity, flow rate loss at the turn of entry, lost due to friction, the loss in the elbow Sipon and lost at the turn out. Sipon minimum diameter is 0.60 m to allow for cleaning and inspection.
Because Sipon have little flexibility in transporting more water than direncana, this building will not be used in waster. Although the discharge is not regulated, it is likely that the waster to carry more objects float. In order Sipon pipe is not clogged and there are no people or animals that enter by chance, then the nozzle is closed with lattice filters (trashrack).
Sipon pipe is usually combined with proper spillway upstream so that water does not overflow at the top of the embankment upstream channel. In the channels of larger, Sipon made with double pipes in order to avoid a greater loss in Sipon if the building does not drain the water in the discharge plan. Double pipe is also advantageous in terms of maintenance and reduce the cost of implementation of the building. Sipon length of over 100 m must be fitted with check hole (manhole) and the door waster.
Flow rate
To prevent sedimentation velocity flow in Sipon should be high. However, high speeds lead to increased loss of high energy. Therefore, a balance between high speed and high loss of energy is allowed to be maintained. The flow velocity in Sipon should be two times higher than the normal speed of the flow in the channel, and should not be less than 1 m / sec, more preferably if not less than 1.5 m / sec maximum speed should not exceed 3 m / sec.
Gutters and Flume
Gutters are artificial channel made of pairs of reinforced concrete, wood or steel or concrete ferrocement in which the water flows with a free surface, is made across the valley with a certain length (generally below 100 m), the channel discharge, rivers, roads or railroads, and etc. Minimum gutter channels supported by two (2) or more of the pillars of stone masonry construction for less than 3 meters high (reinforced concrete consideration of costs) and construction with reinforced concrete pillars for over 3 meters high.
While the flume are artificial channels created from the pair, both reinforced concrete and are not reinforced, steel or concrete timber and ferrocement. Inside the water flows with a free surface, made across the valley long enough> 60 meters or along hillsides and so on. Basic channel flume located high above the ground level bervarasi of 0 meters and a maximum of 3 meters. To sustain a high difference between the face of the land and basic flume channel can be carried out by soil embankment or pillar masonry or reinforced concrete.
In alignment withdrawal line, it would require large-scale topographic maps of 1: 25,000 and 1: 50,000, the slope should be clearly defined. The stages in the planning of the irrigation network is as follows:
Determine the water level channels,
In determining the water level plan must be equal to or below the elevation of the land. This is to avoid water in order to prevent theft or illegal eavesdropping by parties who are not responsible, and also to save costs. The second thing to consider is the water level must be sufficiently high, in order to drain the paddy fields were highest in plots tertiary.
Determine the location of the tap building
Tertiary boundaries defined by the topographic map scale of 1: 5,000 with an average area of 50-100 hectares. Then determined the location of the tap building such that it is able to flow through tertiary.