Building culverts are used to carry the flow of water both for irrigation or discharge which passes down the road. Goronggorong has a smaller cross section than the wet area upstream and downstream channels. Most of the cross section may be above the water level. In this case the culvert serves as an open channel with free flow.
Figure 15. Culvert circular
At the free flow culverts, objects that float can pass easily, but the cost of manufacture is generally more expensive than sewer sink. In the case of sewer sink, the entire cross under the water surface. Implementation costs are cheaper, but the danger is greater clogged.
Figure 16. Culvert square
Flow rate
Speed used in planning chute depends on the amount of energy lost there and geometry inlet and exit. For planning purposes, taken speed is 1.5 m / sec for culvert in irrigation canals, and 3 m / sec to sewers discharge channel.
Sewer – sewer Segi Four
Rectangular culverts made of reinforced concrete or stone masonry with reinforced concrete slab as cover. Culverts first type is mainly used for large discharge or when the emphasis is culvert watertight. Culverts of masonry with reinforced concrete slab is very strong and easy to manufacture. Especially for remote places, sewer – sewer is ideal presents an example of the type of culvert described above.
For culverts – short chute (L <20 m) as is commonly direncana in irrigation networks, the prices of m as given in Table 7.3 can be regarded as nearly right or to the formula:
Where :
Q = flow (m3 / s)
μ = coefficient of discharge see Table 7 …
A = area of the pipe (m3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m / dt2) (≈ 9.8)
z = high loss of energy in the culvert (m)
Table 3. Prices of discharge coefficient in the sewers
