a. Culverts
Culverts installed in places where the channel passes under the building (roads, railways) or if dischargers pass under the channel. The flow in the sewers generally flow freely.
b. Chamfer
Gutters used to drain the irrigation water passing over other channels, natural discharge channels or basins and valleys. The flow in the gutter is a free flow.
c. Sipon
Sipon used to drain the irrigation water using gravity under discharge channels, hollows, creeks or rivers. Sipon also used to pass water under roads, railways, or other buildings. Sipon a closed channel planned to drain the water in full and heavily influenced by the high press.
d. Bridge Sipon
Sipon bridge is closed channels which work on the basis of high pressure and used to reduce the height of the supporting buildings above a deep valley.
e. Flum
There are several types Flum used to drain water for irrigation through situations in certain soil conditions, for example,
Flum fulcrum (bench flume) to drain the water along the steep hillsides.
Flum elevation (elevated flume) to take across the irrigation water passing over the discharge canal or other waterway.
Flum has a cross section rectangular or half round. Flow in Flum is a free flow.
f. Closed channel
Closed channel created when trace the open channel passes through an area where cross-section must be made at the excavation in the slope-high Iereng unstable. Closed channels are also built in residential areas and in areas affected riparian outburst floods. Cross-sectional shape of the closed channel or channel is dug and piled rectangular or round. Usually the flow in closed conduits are free flow.
g. Tunnel
The tunnel was closed buildings built canal to drain water passing through the hills and the area is high. Usually the flow in the tunnel is a free flow.
h. Building protective
Protective building necessary to protect channels from both inside and outside. From the outside the building that provides protection against excessive runoff and waste water from inside the flow channel due to excessive exploitation error or due to ingress of water and foreign channels.
i. Building Wasters Cross
Culverts are building cross waster most commonly used as a protective exterior. Sipon used if small irrigation channels across large exhaust duct. Usually safer and economical to bring irrigation water to the bottom of the channel Sipon through the waster.