The pump is a type of machine that serves to move the substance flow (fluid) including piped water from one place to another by providing mechanical energy to the pump which is then converted into mechanical energy. Pump specifications stated with the amount of fluid that can flow per unit of time and the high-energy lift. In these functions the pump converts the energy of motion shaft to drive the blade into mechanical energy and pressure on the fluid.
In general, the pump used to raise water from a source of water such as rivers, reservoirs, ponds, wells to agricultural land where cultivation activity undertaken. To be able to supply water, then in the implementation of irrigation, the use of the pump can be done singly, series, and peralel which kesemuannya depending on the needs and existing equipment. To plan the installation of the pump, must be known in advance the characteristics of the pump to be used to obtain optimum results.
Characteristic of Irrigation Pumps
Before you know about the pump and its characteristics, it is good to remember back on the international system of units (International Metric System) and the terms commonly used in perpompaaan problem. The basic unit in the international system SI are as follows:
Table 13. Unit of the international system
Some important terminology is often used in a pump that needs to be understood is:
Pressure
Pressure is a term often used in the field of hydraulics or inundated depicting the force exerted by water on the particular area of the field of an object immersed in water. The pressure is generally expressed in kilo Newton per square meter (kN / m2). As another alternative often used the unit “bar” where 1 bar is equivalent to 100 kN / m2. Pressure is expressed by the following equation:
For example, an irrigation pump works with a pressure of 300 kN / m2, this means that every area of 1 m2 on pipes and pumps have uniform force of 300 kN who worked for him. In addition to a dank bar unit N / m2, some units are often used in the field of pump is kilograms force per square centimeter (kgf / cm2) or pounds-force per square inch or psi (lbf / in2). Conversion of these units are:
The water pressure in the pipe can be measured with Bourdon Gage (Figure 9.2). Within these tools is a tube-shaped arch which will be stretched when pressurized. This tube is connected with the scale pointer so that the amount of pressure can be read. If the gauge Bourdon was replaced with a vertical tube, the water in the tube will rise to a certain height in accordance with the amount of pressure. If the pressure is 1 bar, the water will rise by about 10 meters.
Head pressure (m) = 0.1 x pressure (kN / m2) = 10 x pressure (bar)
Figure 42. Tool Bourdon pressure gauge