Centrifugal pumps are pumping the most widely used because it has a simple shape and a relatively cheap price. Here are some advantages of centrifugal pumps than other types of positive displacement pumps:
- The movement of the blades are continuously causing steady flow.
- High operating reliability due to the movement of the elements are simple and the absence of valves.
- The ability to operate at high speed, which can be coupled with electric motors, combustion engines or steam turbines,
- The small size so that only needs a space smaller, lighter and lighter installation costs
Centrifugal pumps are classified based on several criteria, among others:
1. Establish the direction of flow that occurs in the blades. Fluid flow in the blades can be either, (1) Pump radial flow, (2) axial flow pump, (3) mixed flow pump (mixed flow).
2. The construction of the blade. The blades used in centrifugal pump blades can be open, half-open blade or blades closed.
3. A large number of suction inlet. Some pumps have a suction inlet setrifugal more than two pieces. The pump has a suction inlet called single suction pump, while the pump has two suction inlet called double suction pump.
4. The number of blades. Special centrifugal pump has several blades decker. The pump has a blade called a single stage pump while the pump has more than one blade called a multi stage pump.
5. Capacity. A low-capacity pumps categorized if debitnya <20 m3 / h, medium capacity if debitnya 20-60 m3 / hr, and a high capacity if debitnya> 60 m3 / h.
6. Pressure discharge. Based on the pressure, then a pump tends to have low pressure, if the pressure is <5 kg / cm2, medium pressure if the pressure is 5-50 kg / cm2, and high pressure, if the pressure is> 50 kg / cm2
7. The position of the shaft. Based on the position of the shaft, the pump shaft is divided into an upright position with the pump, and the pump shaft horizontal position.
Figure 57. The working principle of centrifugal pumps
Fluid is sucked through the suction side, because the pressure at the pump is smaller than the atmospheric pressure, then entered and were accommodated in the house snail. Because of the round blades, then fluid out through the exhaust side with the radial direction. Also called snail home, serves to accommodate the liquid being thrown from the blades.