What is meant by efficiency is the ratio between output and input and is expressed in percent (%). The difference between output and input due to the losses include leaks in the pump so that it will reduce the volume of output. Overall, kebocran can occur in hydraulic pumps, valves, actuators, and on each connector. So in this case the ratio between the volume of hydraulic fluid that efficiently generate earnings power compared with the theoretical pump called the volumetric efficiency (ƞv).
Earnings pump (eg, gear pumps) can theoretically be calculated using the formula:
Q = earnings theoretical pump (l / min.)
n = pump rotation (rpm)
V = volume displaced caiaran each round (cm 3)
Income large pump depends on the working pressure hydraulic system. The greater the pressure, the pump earnings (Q) will decrease. This kind of pump characteristics can be seen in Figure 13.
Figure 13. The pressure decreases beser penghaslan
If p = 0, earning pump full Q (Q theoretical)
If p> 0, the pump reduced income due to leaks and logically higher the pressure the greater the leakage.
example:
For a new pump, leakage 6% at p = 230 bar.
Q (p = 0) = 10 l / min.
Q (p = 230) = 9.4 l / min.
QL = 0.6 l / min.
So the volumetric efficiency (ƞv) = 94%
For the old pump, the leakage reaches 13% at p = 230 bar
Q (p = 0) = 10 l / min.
Q (p = 230) = 8.7 l / min.
QL = 1.3 l / min.
So the volumetric efficiency (ƞv) = 87%
Ways of regulating / control in a hydraulic system arrangement of the order can be described as follows:
- Cues (Signal) input or the input element gets energy directly from generating the fluid flow (hydraulic pump) which is then forwarded to the signal processing circuit.
- Cues processor or processing element that processes the input signal is logic to be forwarded to the final control element.
- The control signal the end (final control element), will direct the output that is the direction of motion actuators (Working element) and this is the end result of the hydraulic system.
The components of the control over the so-called valves (Valves). According kontruksinya valves are grouped as follows:
a. Poppet valves (Poppet Valves)
Ie when to close the valve by tapping valve (ball or Kones or disc) on the holder. According to the type of child valves, poppet valves are classified into:
– The ball valve (Ball seat valves)
– Valves Kones (Cone poppet valves)
– The valve disc (Disc seat valves)
b. Slide Valves (Slide valves)
– Longitudinal Slide
– Slide Plate (Rotary slide valve)
According to its function valves are grouped as follows:
1). Directional valve (Directional control valves)
2). One-way valve (non-return valves)
3). The pressure regulating valve (Pressure cotrol valves)
4). Flow control valve (Flow control valves)
5). Open-close valves (Shut-off valves)