The World Wide Web is a large collection of electronic files stored in millions of computers worldwide. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate the file. The information contained in a URL gives the ability to move from one web page to another with just a click. When typing the URL into a browser or click on a hypertext link, the browser sends a request to a remote computer, called a web server, to download one or more files. Each unique URL, identifies a particular file.
What of the typical URL? Here are some examples:
http://belajar.kemdikbud.go.id/ Page Home Learning Ministry of Education and Culture.
http://www.facebook.com/pustekkom Facebook page for Information Technology Center – Ministry of Education and Culture.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/ A directory of files at MIT available for download.
news: rec.gardens.roses
A newsgroup on the topic of gardening.
http://blogs.reuters.com/soccer A blog about football from Reuters
The first part of the URL (before the two slashes) tells the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example: http: hypertext document or directory
ftp: file is available for download or the file directory news: newsgroup
file: file located on a local drive of your computer
The second part is usually the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Additional parts may specify a file name, a port to connect to, or text to search in the database.
The parts of the URL
A complete URL usually consists of three components: the protocol, the name of the site, and the absolute path to the document or resource, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 1.3. An example URL
http: //
The first thing to do is determine the URL protocol to be used for certain transactions. HTTP rules to let the server know to use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or enter into a “web mode”
The next part of the URL identifies the site by its domain name. In this example, the domain name is example.com. www at the beginning is the name of a particular host in the domain. Hostname “www” has become a deal. However, sometimes the host name may be removed. Can be more than one website at the domain (sometimes called a subdomain). For example, there are: development.example.com, clients.example.com, and so on.
/2012/samples/first.html
This is the absolute path to the directory on the server via an HTML document requested, first.html. The words are separated by a slash is a directory name, starting with the root directory of the host (as indicated by the start /), the URL in Figure 1.3. said he wanted to use the HTTP protocol to connect to a web server on the Internet called www.example.com and ask first.html document (located in the sample directory in the directory 2012).
A portion of the URL to be using start with http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, a method which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some other things to know about the URL:
A URL usually has no spaces.
Writing URL insensitive case-sensitive. So typing “http://www.kemdikbud.go.id” or “HTTP://WWW.KEMDIKBUD.GO.ID” or variations of upper and lower case will lead to the same page.
If you typed the URL is correct, the browser will not be able to find sites or resources required. If you get an error message or access the wrong site, check to see if the address is spelled correctly.