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Packaging is one way to increase the added value of products to be sold and extend the durability of products to be sold, the following is one function and the role of packaging on a product  – Packaging as a Moving Tool Packaging is a container for the product and at the same time can serve as a means ...

pH meter is a tool that can be used to measure the pH of a solution. Electrodes on the pH meter immersed in the solution to be tested pH. pH meter will indicate the pH of the solution automatically. Working Principle pH Meter In principle, a pH measurement is based on the electro-chemical potential that occurs between the solution contained ...

pH or acidity is used to express the degree of acidity (or alkalinity owned by a solution. That meant “acidity” is the concentration of hydrogen ions (H +) in water solvent. The pH values ​​ranging from 0 to 14. A solution is said to be neutral if it has pH = 7. The pH value> 7 indicates alkaline solution properties, ...

The working principle of this tool is to use the DO meter or probe oxygen electrode consists of a cathode and an anode immersed in an electrolyte solution. DO meter on the instrument, typically using a cathode of silver (Ag) and an anode lead (Pb). Overall, this electrode is coated with a plastic membrane that is semi-permeable to oxygen. The ...

Water hardness is the content of certain minerals in the water, generally ionkalsium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the form garamkarbonat. Hard water or hard water is water that has a high mineral content, while soft water is water with a low mineral levels. In addition to calcium and magnesium ions, can also cause the hardness of the other metal ...

Semangun (1996) describes plant diseases when viewed from the angle of biology is a deviation from normal trait that causes the body can not perform normal physiological activities, while from the economic angle plant diseases is the inability to deliver sufficient results, both quantity and quality. Microorganisms (microbes) are not directly cause a disease, but outside circumstances have weakened the ...