The hydrogen atom shows the simplest arrangement. Consisting of an electron and a proton (commonly called nuclei). Electrons as the smallest electric charge carriers is called the elementary charge. Elementary charge equal to the negative electron positive elementary charge of the proton. Therefore cargoes atoms have exactly the same effect. The atom is electrically neutral.
Neutral atom consists of a positive charge as much with a negative charge.
Electrons are elementary negative charge carriers, protons are elementary positive charge carriers.
Figure 1.5 Figure atom scheme:
Eg carbon atom has 6 electrons and 6 protons. In addition to proton nuclei also contain parts that are electrically neutral, which is commonly called the neutron. Protons and neutrons determine the actual atomic weight. Atom else altogether 103 pieces with a similar arrangement. Sharing of electrons in the electron trajectory is based on certain rules. But the number of electrons remains always equal to the number of protons.
Ion
The scientist who first discovered Ion is a German physicist, Julius Elster and Hans Friedrich Geitel in 1899. Ions are charged atoms negative or positive. Atoms are composed of neutral cargo neutrons, protons positive and negative electrons. Neutrons and protons in the central part of which is the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons revolve around the nucleus at the point of its orbit (energy level).
The number of positive and negative charges on the atoms is comparable, so the atom has no charge. But, for whatever reason, some of the electrons can leave the atom (electron is called a free electron). If the atom loses electrons are free, it turns into a positive ion. Instead, it would be a negative ion if he accepts free electrons. These ions are unstable and tend to find a trailer for binding.
Figure 1.6 Composition of Positive and Negative Ion Ion
Heavy positive ions are 1800 times greater than the negative ions make negative ions easily separated from its bond, the time the bond is loose, the earth or soil negatively charged will attract positive ions. Conversely, negative ions would bounce. Positive ions and negative ions are independent of each other this be the start of driving an electrical imbalance. The air around us contains many positive and negative ions. These ions are formed naturally as a result of radiation from cosmic rays, electromagnetic waves, sun, light, waterfall and so forth.
When the air is clear concentration of negative ions outside the building or the building is around 200-800 per cm3, while the positive ion concentration of about 250-1500 per cm3. The atom loses an electron from it, will cause the atom electron deficient, then the atom has more cargo positipnya than negative charge. Atom is intact positively charged, carry out an electrical reaction, which was to draw a negative charge.
Likewise Atom plus / by an electron, then the whole he is negatively charged and attract positive charge. These charged atoms such as reverse can also attract different charges, means that the atoms move. On the basis of this that such atoms are called ions (ion = walk, bhs, Greece).
Positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms called ions.
Figure 1.7 Schematic ion formation
Can be concluded that :
Excess electrons produces a negative charge, a shortage of electrons produces a positive charge.