GIS / GIS into a new technology at this time into a tool that is essential to store, manipulate, analyze and review the conditions of nature with the help of spatial and attribute data. SIG is supported by a variety of related disciplines. As an illustration of the relationship of GIS with supporting areas are as follows:
Figure 6. Relationship of GIS with areas supporting
Geographical Information Systems Concepts
Lately the term system to become very popular. The system is used to describe many things, especially for activities necessary for data processing. The development of computers and supporting technology greatly increases the popularity use of the system to meet the needs of modern organizations sustu information. Geographical Information Systems (Geographic Information System) is used to describe many things, especially for the activities required in data processing.
The development of computers and supporting technology greatly increases the popularity use of the system to meet the information needs of a modern organization. Definition SIG is always evolving, growing and varied. GIS is also a field study of science and technology is relatively new, used in various fields of science and growing fast. Here’s one popular definition SIG published by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) Inc.-90.
SIG is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data designed to efficiently acquire, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographic information berreferensi.
Here are some of the terminology SIG [Demers97] 1) of the Geographic Information System of the United States
2) Geographical Information of System of Europe
3) Geomatique of Canada
4) Georelational Information System technology based terminology
5) Natural Resources Information System terminology based environmental disciplines
6) Geoscience / Geological Information System terbasiskan geological engineering discipline
7) Spatial Data Analysis System terminology based system.
In the functional definition of a geographic information system contains the following:
1) Contains multiple types of data both alpha numerical, graphic form of photographs and drawings or other spatial information in a number of other very large.
2) It is an integral part of the data that is formed by a number of program modules that interact.
3) We have many sub-systems that can be used together for the function of collecting and storing data retrieval and analysis of performance information.
One of the definitions to represent the notion of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) put forward by the PA Burrough, 1986. According to the Geographic Information System (GIS) is a set of tools to collect, store, recall, transformation and performance of spatial data (spatial) on the surface of the earth for a particular purpose. From the above definition, the Geographic Information System (GIS) can serve essentially as follows:
1) Integrated Data Bank
Cartographical consolidates data with attribute data in relational database management systems (relational data base management system), to allow rejected like a unity.
2) System Modeling and Analysis
Can be used as a means of evolutionary potential of regions and spatial planning (spatial, environmental governance).
3) Automated Mapping System
Automatted mapping to present the map according to the needs, both in terms of objectives and provisions of cartography.
4) Management System Ber-georeferenced
For operational management and administration refer to a geographic location (Pranoto Asmoro, 1989).
The functions above can largely be running a Geographic Information System has the ability to mendepskripsikan geographic data.