Water discharge is a measure of the amount of the volume of water that can pass in a place or who may be at capacity within a place for each one unit of time. The flow of water is said to have ideal properties if the water can not be utilized and move without friction, this means that the movement of the water has a constant speed at each point in the pipe and irregular movement due to the influence of gravity.
In the proposed hydrology, water flow of the river is, the river water level measured by the measuring instrument surface river water. The measurements were carried out every day, or else with the understanding that the discharge or flow is the flow rate of water (in the form of water volume) passing through a river cross section per unit time. In the SI unit system the amount of discharge is expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m3 / s).
Flow measurement capability is needed to determine the potential of water resources in a river basin. The flow rate can be used as a tool to monitor and evaluate the water balance of an area through an approach potential of existing surface water resources.
In river flows, discharge occurs because of the flow of water from one or more sources of water which is at a height, for example disebuah hilltop or a high mountain, where rainwater is very much fallen in that area, then raised section which is concave, over time is due to too full, eventually flowing out through the mouth of the basin most easily eroded by water, then the water will flow over the surface of the ground the least, perhaps beginning early evenly, but because there are parts of the surface soil is not so hard, it is easy to erode , thus becoming groove groove (like a river) which created increasingly long, along with the heavy and increasingly frequent water flowing on the channel, then the longer and deeper, groove it will turn, or branched, if the flowing water was blocked by the groove of the stone, or rock that much.
Likewise, the river below the soil surface, occurs from the water flowing over the top, then find parts that can penetrate into the subsurface soil and flows toward the lowland that low. Over time, the river will be increasingly wide.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Total suspended solid or total suspended solids (TSS) is a residue of total solids retained by the filter with a maximum particle size of 2μm or larger than the size of the colloidal particles. TSS causing turbidity in the water due to solids not dissolved and can not immediately precipitate. TSS consists of particles whose size and weighs less than the sediment, such as clay, certain organic materials, cells of microorganisms, and so on.
Which includes TSS is mud, clay, metal oxides, sulfides, algae, bacteria and fungi. TSS is generally removed by flocculation and filtration. TSS contribute to turbidity (turbidity) by limiting light penetration for photosynthesis and visibility in the waters. So that the turbidity value can not be converted to a value of TSS. Turbidity is the tendency of a sample size to scatter light. While scattering produced by the presence of suspended particles in the sample. Turbidity is purely an optical properties. Distribution pattern and intensity will vary due to changes in particle size and shape and material.
A sample containing 1,000 mg / L of fine talcum powder will give a different reading of the turbidity of the sample containing 1,000 mg / L coarsely ground talc. Both samples also will have a different reading of the turbidity of the sample containing 1,000 mg / L ground pepper. Although the three samples contain the same value of TSS. TSS is the venue for the chemical reactions are heterogeneous, and serves as a precursor deposition of the earliest and could impede the ability of the production of organic substances in a body of water (Tarin and Edward, 2003).