Sanitaiser Hypochlorite is the most active chlorine compounds, and also the most widely used. Calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite are compounds hypochlorite primary. This Sanitaiser effective in the inactivation of microbial cells in a suspension of water and requires a contact time of approximately 1.5-100 seconds. Reduction of the cell population as much as 90 percent for most microorganisms can be achieved in less than 10 seconds with the levels of free chlorine (FAC = free available chlorine) is relatively low.
Bacterial spores are more resistant than vegetative cells tehadap hypochlorite. Dubutuhkan time to reduce the population of cells as much as 90 percent, according Odlaug (1981), can range from about 7 seconds to over 20 minutes. FAC concentrations needed for inactivation of bacterial spores approximately 10-1000 times (1000 ppm compared to 0.6-13 ppm) leih higher than that required for vegetative cells. Clostridium spores are less resistant to sanitaiser applications where low concentrations of hypochlorous acid and the contact time is short, then the effect on bacterial spores also limited.
Calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite and trisodium phosphate terkhlorinasi (CTP = tridodium chlorinated phosphate) can be used as after permbersihan. Hypochlorite solution can also be added to the cleaning compound to provide a combination cleaner-sanitaiser. Chlorine-releasing compounds are organic, such as sodium dikloroisosianurat and diklorodimetil hydantoin, can be formulated with a compound cleaning compound (detergent).
Solutions of active chlorine is a very active sanitaiser primarily as a chlorine-free and in a slightly acidic solution. These compounds seem to work with proteins denature and inactivate the enzyme. Sanitaiser chlorine is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and against some viruses and spores particular. But chlorine from hypochlorite and other chlorine-releasing compounds react and inactivated by organic material left.
However, when used in the recommended chlorine solution volume and concentration is sufficient, the sanitizing effect can still be achieved. Only fresh solution should be used as the storage solution of the former can lead to decline in strength and activity sanitaiser. Active chlorine concentration can be measured to ensure the application and the desired concentration. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) itself is not stable but much more stable salts.
In solution, these salts dissociate to form OCl- responsible for the bactericidal properties of hypochlorite. The most widely used salt is NaOCl commercially available in the form of a concentrated liquid containing 10-14% chlorine. When a liquid / concentrated solution is diluted with distilled water (1: 1atau 1: 9) then kdar chlorine (available chlorine) will go down more slowly during storage (Hoffman et al 1981).
Which is also widely used is CaO (Cl 2) contained in the powder and containing 30% available chlorine. In a more dilute solutions of NaOCl widely used in food industry as a common disinfectant in CIP system; the solution should be prepared immediately and handled carefully because it can irritate the skin. In the commercial formulations are sometimes added surfactants and stabilizers, to assist wetting and penetration capability; and to improve the activity during storage.
Hypochlorite solutions should always be stored in dark containers or in containers opaque; stability will also be increased when used in cold temperatures. The solution will be stable above pH 9.5, while the maximum germicidal activity between pH 4 and pH 5; at pH 5 maximum corrosion effect as well. Because of the corrosion problem, a solution of pH 10-11 is used and the operating temperature is kept relatively low because at higher temperatures will occur corrosion and loss of stability of the disinfectant.
Concentration of use varies between 50 and 200 ppm available chlorine and contact time between 3 and 30 minutes; keep in mind that in any specific circumstances, the minimum concentration and the time required to shut down the microorganism must be used with the aim to avoid the possibility of corrosion sensitive surfaces.